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Alexa's Conjecture on Primality ★★

Author(s): Alexa

Definition   Let $ r_i $ be the unique integer (with respect to a fixed $ p\in\mathbb{N} $) such that

$$(2i+1)^{p-1} \equiv r_i \pmod p ~~\text{ and } ~ 0 \le r_i < p. $$

Conjecture   A natural number $ p \ge 8 $ is a prime iff $$ \displaystyle \sum_{i=1}^{\left \lfloor \frac{\sqrt[3]p}{2} \right \rfloor} r_i = \left \lfloor \frac{\sqrt[3]p}{2} \right \rfloor $$

Keywords: primality

P vs. BPP ★★★

Author(s): Folklore

Conjecture   Can all problems that can be computed by a probabilistic Turing machine (with error probability < 1/3) in polynomial time be solved by a deterministic Turing machine in polynomial time? That is, does P = BPP?

Keywords: BPP; circuit complexity; pseudorandom generators

Goldbach conjecture ★★★★

Author(s): Goldbach

Conjecture   Every even integer greater than 2 is the sum of two primes.

Keywords: additive basis; prime

Goldberg's conjecture ★★★

Author(s): Goldberg

The overfull parameter is defined as follows: \[ w(G) = \max_{H \subseteq G} \left\lceil \frac{ |E(H)| }{ \lfloor \tfrac{1}{2} |V(H)| \rfloor} \right\rceil. \]

Conjecture   Every graph $ G $ satisfies $ \chi'(G) \le \max\{ \Delta(G) + 1, w(G) \} $.

Keywords: edge-coloring; multigraph

Cyclic spanning subdigraph with small cyclomatic number ★★

Author(s): Bondy

Conjecture   Let $ D $ be a digraph all of whose strong components are nontrivial. Then $ D $ contains a cyclic spanning subdigraph with cyclomatic number at most $ \alpha(D) $.

Keywords:

inverse of an integer matrix ★★

Author(s): Gregory

Question   I've been working on this for a long time and I'm getting nowhere. Could you help me or at least tell me where to look for help. Suppose D is an m-by-m diagonal matrix with integer elements all $ \ge 2 $. Suppose X is an m-by-n integer matrix $ (m \le n) $. Consider the partitioned matrix M = [D X]. Obviously M has full row rank so it has a right inverse of rational numbers. The question is, under what conditions does it have an integer right inverse? My guess, which I can't prove, is that the integers in each row need to be relatively prime.

Keywords: invertable matrices, integer matrices

Minimum number of arc-disjoint transitive subtournaments of order 3 in a tournament ★★

Author(s): Yuster

Conjecture   If $ T $ is a tournament of order $ n $, then it contains $ \left \lceil n(n-1)/6 - n/3\right\rceil $ arc-disjoint transitive subtournaments of order 3.

Keywords:

Arc-disjoint directed cycles in regular directed graphs ★★

Author(s): Alon; McDiarmid; Molloy

Conjecture   If $ G $ is a $ k $-regular directed graph with no parallel arcs, then $ G $ contains a collection of $ {k+1 \choose 2} $ arc-disjoint directed cycles.

Keywords:

Jacob Palis Conjecture(Finitude of Attractors)(Dynamical Systems) ★★★★

Author(s):

Conjecture   Let $ Diff^{r}(M)  $ be the space of $ C^{r} $ Diffeomorphisms on the connected , compact and boundaryles manifold M and $ \chi^{r}(M) $ the space of $ C^{r} $ vector fields. There is a dense set $ D\subset Diff^{r}(M) $ ($ D\subset \chi^{r}(M) $ ) such that $ \forall f\in D $ exhibit a finite number of attractor whose basins cover Lebesgue almost all ambient space $ M $

This is a very Deep and Hard problem in Dynamical Systems . It present the dream of the dynamicist mathematicians .

Keywords: Attractors , basins, Finite

Closing Lemma for Diffeomorphism (Dynamical Systems) ★★★★

Author(s): Charles Pugh

Conjecture   Let $ f\in Diff^{r}(M) $ and $ p\in\omega_{f}  $. Then for any neighborhood $ V_{f}\subset Diff^{r}(M)  $ there is $ g\in V_{f} $ such that $ p $ is periodic point of $ g $

There is an analogous conjecture for flows ( $ C^{r} $ vector fields . In the case of diffeos this was proved by Charles Pugh for $ r = 1 $. In the case of Flows this has been solved by Sushei Hayahshy for $ r = 1 $ . But in the two cases the problem is wide open for $ r > 1 $

Keywords: Dynamics , Pertubation

Sub-atomic product of funcoids is a categorical product ★★

Author(s):

Conjecture   In the category of continuous funcoids (defined similarly to the category of topological spaces) the following is a direct categorical product:
    \item Product morphism is defined similarly to the category of topological spaces. \item Product object is the sub-atomic product. \item Projections are sub-atomic projections.

See details, exact definitions, and attempted proofs here.

Keywords:

Bounding the on-line choice number in terms of the choice number ★★

Author(s): Zhu

Question   Are there graphs for which $ \text{ch}^{\text{OL}}-\text{ch} $ is arbitrarily large?

Keywords: choosability; list coloring; on-line choosability

Are almost all graphs determined by their spectrum? ★★★

Author(s):

Problem   Are almost all graphs uniquely determined by the spectrum of their adjacency matrix?

Keywords: cospectral; graph invariant; spectrum

Signing a graph to have small magnitude eigenvalues ★★

Author(s): Bilu; Linial

Conjecture   If $ A $ is the adjacency matrix of a $ d $-regular graph, then there is a symmetric signing of $ A $ (i.e. replace some $ +1 $ entries by $ -1 $) so that the resulting matrix has all eigenvalues of magnitude at most $ 2 \sqrt{d-1} $.

Keywords: eigenvalue; expander; Ramanujan graph; signed graph; signing

The Bollobás-Eldridge-Catlin Conjecture on graph packing ★★★

Author(s):

Conjecture  (BEC-conjecture)   If $ G_1 $ and $ G_2 $ are $ n $-vertex graphs and $ (\Delta(G_1) + 1) (\Delta(G_2) + 1) < n + 1 $, then $ G_1 $ and $ G_2 $ pack.

Keywords: graph packing

Decomposing k-arc-strong tournament into k spanning strong digraphs ★★

Author(s): Bang-Jensen; Yeo

Conjecture   Every k-arc-strong tournament decomposes into k spanning strong digraphs.

Keywords:

PTAS for feedback arc set in tournaments ★★

Author(s): Ailon; Alon

Question   Is there a polynomial time approximation scheme for the feedback arc set problem for the class of tournaments?

Keywords: feedback arc set; PTAS; tournament

Partitionning a tournament into k-strongly connected subtournaments. ★★

Author(s): Thomassen

Problem   Let $ k_1, \dots , k_p $ be positve integer Does there exists an integer $ g(k_1, \dots , k_p) $ such that every $ g(k_1, \dots , k_p) $-strong tournament $ T $ admits a partition $ (V_1\dots , V_p) $ of its vertex set such that the subtournament induced by $ V_i $ is a non-trivial $ k_i $-strong for all $ 1\leq i\leq p $.

Keywords:

Weighted colouring of hexagonal graphs. ★★

Author(s): McDiarmid; Reed

Conjecture   There is an absolute constant $ c $ such that for every hexagonal graph $ G $ and vertex weighting $ p:V(G)\rightarrow \mathbb{N} $, $$\chi(G,p) \leq \frac{9}{8}\omega(G,p) + c $$

Keywords:

Colouring the square of a planar graph ★★

Author(s): Wegner

Conjecture   Let $ G $ be a planar graph of maximum degree $ \Delta $. The chromatic number of its square is
    \item at most $ 7 $ if $ \Delta =3 $, \item at most $ \Delta+5 $ if $ 4\leq\Delta\leq 7 $, \item at most $ \left\lfloor\frac32\,\Delta\right\rfloor+1 $ if $ \Delta\ge8 $.

Keywords: