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Erdős–Faber–Lovász conjecture
Conjecture If
is a simple graph which is the union of
pairwise edge-disjoint complete graphs, each of which has
vertices, then the chromatic number of
is
.
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From [Erd81]: "Faber, Lovász and I made this harmless looking conjecture at a party in Boulder Colorado in September 1972. Its diffculty was realised only slowly. I now offer 500 dollars for a proof or disproof. (Not long ago I only offered 50; the increase is not due to inflation but to the fact that I now think the problem is very diffcult. Perhaps I am wrong.)"
The conjecture can be equivalently formulated in terms of seating assignments or hypergraph colouring; see Wikipedia or Doug West's Webpage.
Bibliography
[Erd81] P. Erdős. On the combinatorial problems which I would most like to see solved. Combinatorica, 1(1):25–42, 1981.
* indicates original appearance(s) of problem.